一次鱗的內部存在有較大的空穴，ND鋼管一次氧化鐵皮為灰黑色鱗層，呈片狀覆蓋在鋼板表麵。鱗層主要成分由磁鐵（Fe3O4）組（zǔ）成。氧化鐵（tiě）皮可分為一次氧化鐵皮、二次氧化鐵皮、三次氧化鐵皮和紅色氧化鐵皮。一次（cì）氧化鐵皮：鋼在熱軋前，往往要在1100~1300℃加熱和保溫。在此溫（wēn）度下，鋼表麵於高溫爐氣接觸發生氧化反應，生成1~3mm厚的一次鱗以及由粗軋（zhá）側壓不充分、除鱗不徹底所致。該一次鱗也稱為（wéi）一次氧化鐵皮。
Iron oxide scale can be divided into primary oxide scale, secondary oxide scale, tertiary oxide scale and red oxide scale. Primary scale: Before hot rolling, steel is usually heated and kept warm at 1100 - 1300 C. At this temperature, oxidation reaction occurs on the steel surface in contact with high temperature furnace gas, resulting in a primary scale 1-3 mm thick and caused by inadequate side pressure and incomplete descaling during rough rolling. The primary scale is also called primary iron oxide scale. There are large holes in the primary scale. The primary oxide scale of ND steel pipe is grey-black scale, covering the surface of steel plate in sheet form. The scales are mainly composed of magnets (Fe3O4).
二次氧化鐵（tiě）皮：熱軋鋼坯從加熱爐出來後，經高壓水除去一次鱗後，即表麵氧化鐵皮脫落，進行粗軋。在短時間的粗軋（zhá）過程中鋼坯表（biǎo）麵與水和空氣（qì）接觸（chù），鋼坯表麵產生了二次（cì）鱗，nd鋼（gāng）管也稱為一次（cì）氧化鐵皮。二次鱗受水平軋製的影響厚度（dù）較薄，鋼坯與鱗的界麵應力小，ND鋼管所以剝離性差（chà）。如果噴射高壓水不能完（wán）全除去二次鱗,鱗殘留在鋼板表麵的情況下進行精軋（zhá），產品表麵就會出現缺陷。二次氧化鐵皮為紅色（sè）鱗層，nd鋼管呈明（míng）顯的長條、壓入狀（zhuàng），沿軋製方向帶狀分（fèn）布，鱗（lín）層主要成分由方鐵礦（FeO）、赤鐵礦（Fe2O3）等微粒組成。
Secondary oxide scale: After hot-rolled billet comes out of the heating furnace, the scale is removed by high pressure water, that is, the oxide scale on the surface falls off and rough rolling is carried out. During short roughing process, the surface of billet contacts with water and air, and the surface of billet produces secondary scale. The ND steel pipe is also called primary oxide scale. The thickness of secondary scale affected by horizontal rolling is thinner, the interface stress between billet and scale is smaller, and the peeling property of ND steel pipe is poor. If spraying high-pressure water can not completely remove the secondary scale, and the scale remains on the surface of the steel plate for finishing rolling, defects will appear on the surface of the product. The secondary oxide scale is red scale. The ND steel pipe is obviously long and pressed, and distributes along the rolling direction. The main components of the scale are composed of iron ore (FeO), hematite (Fe2O3) and other particles.
nd鋼（gāng）管三次氧化（huà）鐵（tiě）皮： 熱（rè）軋精軋過程中，帶鋼進入每架軋機時都將產生表麵氧（yǎng）化鐵皮層。軋製後通過最終的除鱗或在每架軋機之間時還（hái）將再次產生氧化鐵（tiě）皮。因此，軋輥作（zuò）用下的帶鋼（gāng）表麵條件將取決於進入各架軋機（jī）前形成的（de）氧化鐵皮的（de）數量（liàng）和特性。這時的氧化鐵皮稱為三次氧化鐵皮，因為它（tā）是在除鱗之後。nd鋼管（guǎn）進入精（jīng）軋機之前形成的。
Third iron oxide scale of ND steel pipe: During hot rolling and finishing, iron oxide scale will be formed on the surface of strip when it enters each rolling mill. Iron oxide scale will be produced again after rolling through final descaling or between each rolling mill. Therefore, the surface condition of strip under roll action will depend on the quantity and characteristics of oxide scale formed before entering each stand of rolling mill. At this time, the scale of iron oxide is called tertiary scale, because it is after descaling. ND steel pipe formed before entering finishing mill.
三（sān）次氧化鐵皮缺（quē）陷肉眼可見： 黑褐色、小舟（zhōu）狀。相對密集、細小、散沙狀地分布在（zài）缺（quē）陷帶鋼表麵，細摸有手感，酸（suān）洗後在帶鋼表（biǎo）麵缺陷處留下深淺不一的針孔狀小麻坑（kēng），它們在正常熱軋帶鋼的表麵上是看不見的。
Three times of iron oxide defects can be seen naked eye: black-brown, boat-shaped. Relatively dense, fine and loose sand distribute on the surface of defective strip steel, which has a fine feel. After pickling, pinhole pits with different depths are left on the surface of defective strip steel. They are invisible on the surface of normal hot rolled strip steel.
紅色氧化鐵皮： 紅色氧化鐵皮（pí）僅發生在高（gāo）矽含量等特定的鋼種上，主（zhǔ）要由於在鋼坯加熱（rè）過程中，表麵（miàn）氧化物與基體金屬（shǔ）強（qiáng）烈齧合所致。無明顯深度，呈不規則片狀。
Red iron oxide scale: Red iron oxide scale only occurs in special steel with high silicon content, mainly due to the strong meshing between surface oxide and base metal during billet heating. No obvious depth, irregular sheet.
紅色（sè）氧化鐵（tiě）皮分兩種： 一種在板寬方向非均勻分布，主要分（fèn）布在中間，偏向操作側，ND鋼（gāng）管紅色與蘭色（sè）處有明顯水印，在鋼板長（zhǎng）度方向上也不均勻，個別部位稍（shāo）輕些。這種紅色氧化（huà）鐵皮較厚，矯直時可崩起（qǐ），可用高壓風吹去（qù），殘餘紅色很易擦下色（sè），此紅色（sè）氧化鐵皮稱紅鏽較貼切。另一（yī）種紅色氧化（huà）鐵皮沿板寬分布比較（jiào）均勻，一般靠邊（biān）部100mm內稍重些（xiē），ND鋼管卷外部比內部重些（xiē）。這種紅色氧化鐵皮較（jiào）薄，不易擦下色，鋼板越厚紅色越重。ND鋼管這種紅色氧化鐵皮其他一些鋼種也存在，具有一定的普遍性。
There are two kinds of red oxide scales: one is non-uniformly distributed in the direction of plate width, mainly distributed in the middle, biased to the operation side. There are obvious watermarks in the red and blue parts of ND steel pipe, and it is not uniform in the direction of steel plate length, and slightly lighter in some parts. This kind of red oxide scale is thicker, can collapse when straightening, can be blown away by high-pressure wind, residual red is easy to rub off color, this red oxide scale is called red rust more appropriate. Another kind of red oxide sheet distributes evenly along the width of the sheet, which is slightly heavier within 100mm on the edge and heavier outside than inside of ND steel pipe coil. This kind of red oxide scale is thinner, and it is not easy to rub off the color. The thicker the steel plate, the heavier the red. ND steel pipe, a kind of red oxide scale, also exists in some other steels, which has certain universality.
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